Class Notes 4/16/07

Class Notes 4/16/07

By Erin D.

Argument: The need for women to become active producers of technology, not just users of it.
Men are the main creators of technology and women need to find a balance.
Once women became involved, it was easier to produce out of the home and for the technology created to reflect the political and social concerns of women everywhere--Bejing+5 conference example
Started at the grassroots level and gave voice to these smaller activist groups i.e. President Bush donations to Planned Parenthood
More involvement in the world of technology means greater political and economic power.
More women creating means more products and services targeted toward women--male creators should also strive to include women more
Not enough women in science and technology fields--pushed away by education system
Tendency toward gender bias from those who create--maybe subconscious, maybe not--more encoded and subversive than other examples like violence or pornography
Article focuses too heavily on differences between men and women and assumes there are fundamental reasons for these differences--social constructions of femininity and masculinity vs. biological construction
Lee argues that men and women have different perspectives and worldviews on technology
Men programmers and creators are socially conditioned to disregard the concerns of women
Is more women representation the answer?
More than two sexes and more than two worldviews do exist
Implied that women will automatically balance out inequalities or other minorities will diversify a workplace or situation--again implies that there are fundamental differences between different groups
Hypocrisy of multiculturalism for the sake of multiculturalism
Tokenism of Bush cabinet

Advertisements for technology are not targeted toward women--section in "Maxim" for tech ads - same isn't true for Cosmopolitan magazine.

Class notes for 3/29/07

Prepared by Jess T

WGS 220- Prof. Gamble

Class notes for 3/29/07

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All students must email team liaisons and specify what aspects of their presentations were used on the individual blogs


Kuper's Reading


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Prison visit by author for the purpose of mental health assessment of the inmates.
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Why did the young man feel like he needed to dress as a woman to avoid injury? (When he first got there, he was repeatedly abused, and its better to be someone's “bitch” and become their “property” due to the subsequent protection, then have rivalries over rights to who can do what to whom
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“Taken off the market”
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By taking on the role of a female, be becomes “property” of one of the men
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Guards advice: should have been violent from the start to establish himself in the prison hierarchy, to avoid being constantly attacked, de-sexualized
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Hierarchy created inside- like a mini culture, symbolic and representative of the outside world
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Those who do not initially establish their authority are feminised/devalued in this culture
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Child molesters at bottom- people can gage themselves depending on the type of crime they committed
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Young man does not consider himself a trans gender/sexual, however has taken on a persona that is not his own to just to be safe
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WHY CANT PRISIONERS BE SAVED FROM VIOLENCE W/IN PRISION?
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Understaffed
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Corrupt
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Deserve It?
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Prisons made into pop culture trend due to reality TV
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Aspects of pop culture recently blamed for increase in violence


Enloe Reading


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Was the incident considered pop culture at the time? No
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now moreso than ever
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Public is shocked that women are portrayed as demeaning prisoners and their masculinity
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gender roles in war
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usually women are the ones who are degraded
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role reversal in this case
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Women are used as a commodity of war
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raped and pregnant, child shunned
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Pregnant on trial- sign of heirarchy and dominance
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Women must become ultra masculine to fit into the male dominated profession
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to get respect
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for safety?

Class Notes 3/8/07

Class Notes for Thurs. March 8, 2007

Melissa M.

Gender and Popular Culture

Professor Gamble

Class Film: Jesus Camp

Notes before film:

• Power, empowerment, and power effects:
• Look for conflicts within power. How is power operating?
• Remember trio of popular culture: money, government, and RELIGION (This is what the film focuses on.)
• Look for popular culture in religion used to further its own success.
• Look at voice in relation to power. Who has it? What is the mediating the voice?
• While watching film: No positive evaluations or negative judgments. ( As the viewer- should see ties with children and advertising)
• Take notice of the man on the radio. (especially his comments)

Rough Outline and Main Points of Film: Jesus Camp

• Voice on Radio: “We are engaged in a culture war today…Reclaim America for Christ…entanglement of politics and religion”
• At a church, the viewer sees children of all ages, at a Prayer Conference in Missouri, where a woman named Becky Fisher, a Pentecostal minister, is preaching that they can change the world.
• Children are seen raising hands and praying loudly in another tongue. ( no known language)
• Some of Becky Fisher’s thoughts:
• “ Children are usable for Christianity”
• “ We need to stand up and take over the land”
• She compares the Christian children that she has under her wing with children that are raised through Islam. She said that she wants to have Christian children to have early, religious training, so they could be just as devoted to their own religion.
• Fact shown on screen: Evangelicals believe that to be saved, they need to be “born-again.”
• Personal Story: The film introduces Levi, 12 year old, that is home schooled by mother.
• Some ideas that were shared while she was teaching:
• Global warming is not a big deal. ( all politics)
• Creationist theory is the solution to all questions.
• Science doesn’t prove anything.
• Mother stated there are two kinds of people in the world:
• People who love Jesus.
• People who don’t.
• Fact shown on screen: 75% of home schooled children are Evangelical.
• Personal Story: The film introduces Rachel, 9 years old, in a bowling alley.
• She randomly approached a young woman and tells her that she needs Jesus in her life, that he has special plans for her, and that she needs to go to him. Rachel gives the woman a religious booklet and is proud of her decision of picking her.
• Personal Story: Tory, a 10 year old, is shown dancing Christian heavy metal music.
• Tory stated that she personally doesn’t care about Lindsey Lohan or Britney Spears.
• At her home, Tory and her siblings say a special pledge of allegiance specifically about Christianity and the Bible.
• The film shows Fisher and the children that follow the church at the summer camp. (at Devil’s Lake, North Dakota)
• Fisher begins to preach to children:
• She speaks about the devil and says that temptation is through sin.
• “Can’t have phonies in the army of God”
• She has children cleanse their hands from bottled water as a symbolic event.
• She states that Harry Potter is evil, since warlocks are enemies of God. “Harry Potter would have been put to death in the time of God.”
• Next scene: Fisher describes how children are visual learners.
• For example, on the computer, she was preparing on her screen the following statement: “Punishment for sin is death.”
• Next scene: Children are shown to break cups with hammers as symbolism for destroying the power of the devil in the nation.
• She proclaims during this scene to the children: “This means war! Are you apart of it or not?!”
• Personal talk from Levi: He describes the fact that he feels “yucky” when he meets non-Christians. He felt that he wouldn’t be different than other kids if they would go for their religious calling, since we are all under the nation of God.
• Next scene: Back at the church, a woman brings a cardboard figure of President Bush to praise- especially with statement : “ one nation under God”
• A motivational speaker comes to talk to these children basically about abortion. He riles them up and even has them praying and crying to stop abortion.
• The End: The man on the radio wraps up everything. In class, we could not hear the end. Professor Gamble does confirm though that the man on the radio states that this religion portrayed is a radical form of Christianity and even though he was Christian, he did not necessarily liked Bush.

Professor Gamble at the ends starts a small discussion about this film showing an interesting power paradox, etc.

Ex:

-A woman is the leader.

-Fear tactics were used.

tags

Class Notes 2/26/07

2/26/07 Notes:

By Jess Bel...

Analysis:

• Option A “Concepts of Masculinity and Femininity In the Girls Next Door”
• Break into parts:

1. “GNS” à elements of masculinity and femininity
2. Relationship between parts (i.e. character roles and how they relate)
• How the deviate from social norms; comparisons about roles and what comparisons mean to broader concepts.
• Can be used as transitions in writing
3. Look at comparison/ parts
• See how relationships relate with “whole”
• What can it tell you that you didn’t know before (Conclusion)

««« MAKE SURE BLOGS ARE CITED AND IN 2 PARTS IF IT EXCEEDS LIMITS

Research:

• Analytic pieces
• Citing an author that has done analysis
• Sites for analysis and sites to analyze

Reading, Chapter 43:

Gender, Race, Class

• Object of analysis: “Hustler”
• Because: targets “general population”, mass media, wide spread, and very raunchy
• “General population” = white, working class, males (gender + class+ race)
• Cartoons
• Racist depiction- black men with white women
• Black men- reduced to bodies
• Small head= low intelligence
• Very fit/ muscular
• Large Penis – contrast to small, thin white guys
• Hypersexual- threatening to white women, “torn up”, violently portrayed post-sex
• Threatening to white males by implication- in competition with white men for scares supply of attractive white women
• Binary
• Power vs. Powerless
• Power: reader gets to feel superior to both groups
• Powerless: at expense of Blackman and “White Trash” image

o Socio-political statement about “Hustler” cartoons

o Calls cartoons brilliant satirists (science and politics carry weight)

o Encoding sexuality through cartoon and politics white men don’t relate to “White Trash” images, so they don’t feel threatened

§ Implication of appeal

§ “Birth of A Nation” and “King Kong” preamble, but movies end and doesn’t evolve like “Hustle”

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Reading Outline #3 from: "Idol"-ology: Gender and Reality Television: February 2007

"Idol"-ology: Gender and Reality Television: February 2007: "
Reading Outline #3

Amanda Ganza
Gender and Popular Culture
Reading Outline #3
February 5, 2007

Key Terms

George Lipsitz, “The Meaning of Memory: Family, Class, and Ethnicity in Early Network Television”
*Consumer consciousness – a reluctance to spend due to the lessons of historical experiences
*Suburban Market – a connection between suburban growth and increased consumer spending; a new market opening up in middle-class and working-class families who could afford to own homes and buy new cars every few years

Diane Raymond, “Popular Culture and Queer Representation: A Critical Perspective”
*Queer theory – a body of knowledge connected to lesbian/gay studies that advocates fluidity
*Queer – someone who rejects binary categories and is politically radical
*Connotative readings – an analytical approach seeking to find credible readings that our homophobic/heterosexist culture normally prevents us from seeing in a text
*Symbolic annihilation – the invisibility of gays and lesbians in mass media, representing the powerlessness of the queer community
*Ideology – constructs how we view positions and identities
*Cumpulsory Heterosexuality – shows heterosexuality as natural and inevitable, establishing it as a practice with its own set of expectations, nor"
tags

Reading Outline #2 from: "Idol"-ology: Gender and Reality Television: February 2007

"Idol"-ology: Gender and Reality Television: February 2007: "
Reading Outline #2

Amanda Ganza
Gender and Popular Culture
Reading Outline #2
January 31, 2007

Key Terms

Ducat, “Gender in a Time of Holy War: Fundamentalist Femiphobia and Post-9/11 Masculinity”
*Fundamentalists – those who possess an inability to tolerate ambiguity, whom the author calls “crusaders for certainty”; in the gender realm, fundamentalists are those who desire to restore ultimate patriarchal domination and punish those who stray from their prescribed gender roles
*Femiphobic – the hatred and suppression of all things feminine

Marjane Strapi, “Persepolis – Introduction and The Veil”
*Islamic Revolution – a revolution in 1979 during which the Shah fled Iran, and a repressive regime took over
*Cultural Revolution – changing the way society is run by attempting to eradicate all traces of foreign culture, or culture that goes against the morals and beliefs of the new regime
*Prophet – someone who talks to God and has a Holy Book, creating rules of behavior and morality

Johnson, “Patriarchy, the System: An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us”
*Individualistic perspective – the view that considers everything as beginning and ending with individuals, ignoring that we are all participating in somethi"
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Reading Outline #1 from: "Idol"-ology: Gender and Reality Television: February 2007

"Idol"-ology: Gender and Reality Television: February 2007: "
Reading Outline #1

Amanda Ganza
Gender and Popular Culture
Reading Outline #1
January 28, 2007

Key Terms

“Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, & Media Culture”
*Hegemony – ruling social and cultural forces of domination
*Counter-Hegemony – forces of resistance and struggle
*Political Economy of Culture – cultural texts within their system of production and distribution
*Semiotics – a critical approach for investigating the creation of meaning not only in written languages but also in other, nonverbal codes, such as visual and auditory languages of film and TV; analyzes how linguistic and nonlinguistic cultural “signs” form systems of meanings

“The Whites of Their Eyes: Racist Ideologies and the Media”
*Ideology – those images, concepts and premises which provide the frameworks through which we represent, interpret, understand, and “make sense” of some aspect of social existence; the articulation of different elements into a distinctive set or chain of meanings
*Language – the principal medium in which we find different ideological discourses elaborated
*Overt racism – open and favorable coverage is given to arguments, positions and spokespersons who are n the business of elaborating an openly racist argument or advancing a ra"
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Terms A

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A Wolf in Sheep’s Clothing
Definition: This phrase was used by the author to depict the fact that while growing up she had to hide as a straight girl even though she knew she was gay., Author: Linnea Due, Source: Growing Up Hidden, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Adequate Income
Definition: Schor determines that this term is an elusive goal for everyone to have content in their income, since the proper income depends on who defines it.(based upon thier personal income), Author: Schor, Source: Chapter 19 The New Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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American culture
Definition: the Anglo-American culture that dominates society, Author: Moschkovich, Source: But I Know You, American Woman, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

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American Culture
Definition: The dominant culture in today’s American society; Anglo culture; does not include Afro-American, Native American, Asian American, Chicana, etc., Author: Moschkovich, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Anglo-Americans
Definition: All women of the dominant American culture (white, upper middle to upper class)., Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Liz S.
tags

Terms B-C

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Breadwinner
Definition: Term usually given to the men that work and bring in the income for his family, while his wife remains a homemaker., Author: Ouellette, Source: Inventing the Cosmo Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Capitalism
Definition: An economic system based on private ownership of capital., Author: Dines, Source: 'The Meaning of Memory...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Civic Courage
Definition: Upholding basic noncommercial principles of democracy; drawing the line between public and commerical spheres. Civic courage has been upheld in public sphere of public education., Author: Giroux, Source: Kids For Sale, Date of Assignment: 3/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Class
Definition: A number of persons or things regarded as forming a group by reason of common attributes, characteristics, qualities, or traits., Author: Dines, Source: 'Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture', Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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competitive consumption
Definition: The idea that spending is a large part driven by a comparative or competitive process in which individuals try to keep up with the norms of the social group with which they identify, Author: Schor, Source: The Need Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Competitive Consumption
Definition: The idea that spending is driven by a comparative or competitive process in which we try to keep up with norms of the social group; some believe it jeopardozes the quality of American life., Author: Juliet Schor, Source: The New Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Competitive Consumption
Definition: The way in which Americans spend their money mostly based upon comparison and competition with others to keep up with the norms of their identified social group., Author: Schor, Source: Chapter 19 The New Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Compulsory Heterosexuality
Definition: The natural institution or practice with its own set of expectations, norms, and principles of conduct., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representaion, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Connotative Meaning
Definition: Seek to find credible readings hidden in text that for example a culture of homophobia and heterosexism bars us from seeing., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Connotative Readings
Definition: an analytical approach seeking to find credible readings that our homophobic/heterosexist culture normally prevents us from seeing in a text, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Consumer consciousness
Definition: A reluctance to spend due to the lessons of historical experiences, Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Consumer Identities
Definition: Would identify new products and style of consumption with traditional historically sanctioned practices and behaviors., Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Consumer Resistance
Definition: an attitude as a result of the Great Depression in which people don’t spend more money than one has and don’t buy new things if the old things work fine., Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Consumerism
Definition: The concept that an ever-expaning consumption of goods is advantageous to the economy., Author: Dines, Source: 'The Meaning of Memory...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Copulsory Heterosexuality/Heteronormatity
Definition: This term describes that heterosexuality is an institution or practice that has its own principles of conduct and expectations., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Corporate Culture
Definition: Prescence and influence of corporations, commericialism, marketing/advertising in our culture/society. Corporate culture has negative effect on aspects of culture, especially when it invades public spheres, such as America's public school systems., Author: Giroux, Source: Kids For Sale, Date of Assignment: 3/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Counter-hegemony
Definition: forces of resistance and struggle, Author: Douglas Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, & Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Critical Cultural Studies
Definition: Develops concepts and analyses that will enable readers to analytically dissect the artifacts of contemporary media culture and to gain power over their cultural environment., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class in Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Cultural Isolationism
Definition: A way of life enforced on the people in this country so as to let them have a free conscience with respect to how they deal with the rest of the world or with subcultures in America., Author: Hall, Source: But I Know You, American Woman, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Cultural Oppression
Definition: The Anglo-American culture dominates and ignores other cultures by failing to acknowledge them in the mainstream American media., Author: Hall, Source: But I Know You, American Woman, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Cultural Pedagogy
Definition: Educating people on how to behave and what to think, feel, believe, fear, and desire – and what not to., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class In Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Cultural Revolution
Definition: changing the way society is run by attempting to eradicate all traces of foreign culture, or culture that goes against the morals and beliefs of the new regime, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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cultural revolution
Definition: the changing of culture in country where there is already a set culture, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

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Cultural Revolution
Definition: Society changed to follow the “higher up’s” new rules to eliminate the image of capitalism and decadence. Bilingual schools were closed and boys and girls were separated in school., Author: Satrapi, Source: The Veil, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Cultural studies
Definition: set of approaches to the study of culture and society, how subcultural groups/individuals conform to or resist dominant forms of culture and identity, shows how media culture articulates dominant values/political ideologies/social developments, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

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Cultural Studies
Definition: A set of approaches to the study of culture and society, Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class In Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Cultural studies
Definition: show how media articulates dominant values, political ideologies and social developments and novelties of an era, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

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Culture
Definition: not something you have a choice in keeping or discarding; it is in you and of you, Author: Moschkovich, Source: But I know You, American Woman, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Culture
Definition: quality in a person or society that arises from a concern for what is regarded as excellent in arts, letters, manners, scholarly pursuits, etc., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class in Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Culture
Definition: Something that one cannot disard; itHall, Author: Hall, Source: But I Know You, American Woman, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Culture
Definition: provides symbols and ideas out of which people construct their sense of what is real, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Cumpulsory Heterosexuality
Definition: shows heterosexuality as natural and inevitable, establishing it as a practice with its own set of expectations, norms, and principles of conduct, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.
tags

Terms D-F

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Denotation
Definition: We have lots of gay, lesbian, bisexuals, etc. characters in the media- we now need to focus on normalizing queer culture into mainstream media., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Discourse
Definition: system of representation that has developed socially in order to make and circulate a coherent set of meanings about a topic area., Author: Lull, Source: Hegemony, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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discursive medium
Definition: Tv's emergence as the most important disgressive outlet in American Culture during a time of civil rights issues and social change., Author: Lipsitz, George, Source: Ch. 3, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Kristin C.

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Dominant Readings
Definition: texts majority chosen for restoration of male power, law and order, and social stability, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

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Duties to the Family
Definition: In Nigerian culture, the women had to be subservient to the men in the family, by cleaning and doing chores., Author: Ieoma, Source: Because You're a Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Ethnographic Research
Definition: Research that attempts to determine how texts affect audiences and shape their beliefs and behavior., Author: Dines, Source: 'The White's of Their Eyes', Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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external effects
Definition: no consequences on the well being of others( not reflected in product prices), Author: Schor, Source: Chapter 19 The New Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Extremist
Definition: A person or persons that uses fanatical actions to demonstrate an ideology or belief from a certain group., Author: Ducat, Source: 'Gender in a Time of Holy War...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Feminine
Definition: to lack power and to be reluctant to use power is seen as weak and therefore is associated with being an other (a female), Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Feminine
Definition: The author defines feminine in this classic manner ( which others believe): being nice, sweet, competitive for other boys, repress their power and anger, and be attractive ( also virginal)..., Author: Kilbourne, Source: Chapter 26 The More You Subtract, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Femiphobia
Definition: Fear of women? Fear of women having power and being equal to men?, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Femiphobic
Definition: the hatred and suppression of all things feminine, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Forbidden Fruit
Definition: Ieoma uses this to describe the relationships possible with the males in her class, due to the gender inequality, these relationships and power over the men mean a lot more than connections to other girls., Author: Ieoma, Source: Because You're a Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Fundamentalism
Definition: an ethnic, political, or religious set of ideas that is centered around its inability to tolerate ambiguity (especially regarding gender), Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Fundamentalism
Definition: A form of religion that abides strictly to the rules of that religion and often does not tolerate other types of religion., Author: Ducat, Source: 'Gender in a Time of Holy War...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Fundamentalists
Definition: those who possess an inability to tolerate ambiguity, whom the author calls “crusaders for certainty”; in the gender realm, fundamentalists are those who desire to restore ultimate patriarchal domination and punish those who stray from their prescribed gender roles, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Fundamentalists
Definition: they share a creed that includes restoration of a fantasized golden age of unfettered patriarchal domination, harsh punishments for those who stray from prescribed gender roles, terror regarding women’s sexuality, and an absolute intolerance of homosexuals, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender In a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Fundamentalists
Definition: Followers of a particular faith (Christianity or Islam) that share a distaste for moral pollutants emanating from liberal Western culture; envision a apocalyptic violence that could cleanse the world of them. Hate abortionists, feminists, gays/lesbians, ACLU, pagans, etc. Also ethnic and political fundamentalists; all have the ability to tolerate ambiguity., Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Fundamentalists
Definition: A group of people that share a creed for the restoration of patriarchal domination, harsh punishments for those that do not follow gender roles, and intolerance for homosexuals., Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Fundamentalists (Christian and Islamic)
Definition: people who believe in conservative ways and disagree strongly with many modern American cultural tendencies, Author: Stephen Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War: Fundamentalist, Femiphobia and Post 9/11 Masculinity, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: No Name
tags

Terms G-H

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Gay Vogue
Definition: a gay sensibility has infiltrated American comedy, even when under the radar in a heterosexual situation., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Gay Winking/Gay Vague
Definition: In present American comedies, gay sensibility is used in subtle manners in heterosexual situations., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Gay Winking/Gay Vague
Definition: a gay sensibility present in some media programs that allows for multiple readings of a character or situation depending on the subject position of the viewer, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Gender
Definition: The sex of an individual, male or female, based on reproductive anatomy., Author: Moschkovich, Source: 'But I Know You, American Woman', Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Gender oppression
Definition: a system of inequality organized around gender categories, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Gender oppression
Definition: system of inequality organized around gender categories, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
gender oppression
Definition: a system of inequality organized around gender categories, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Gender Oppression
Definition: system of inequality organized around gender categories, we can no more avoid being involved in it than we can avoid being female or male., Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy: The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Genre Criticism
Definition: The study of conventions governing established types of cultural forms., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class in Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Habitus
Definition: Term implied by sociologist Pierre Bordieu, which is used to describe that whatever is constructed usually seems to be the natural, unavoidable option., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Hegemony
Definition: ruling social and cultural forces of domination, Author: Douglas Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, & Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Hegemony
Definition: This is the method for getting and keeping the overall power and dominance that a social group can have over another. ( such as between nation states or among social classes), Author: Lull, James, Source: Chapter 5 Hegemony, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Hegemony
Definition: Power/dominance that a social group holds over others; dominance and subordination in field of relations formed by power., Author: Lull, Source: Hegemony, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Hegemony
Definition: The power of a dominant social group gaining and maintaing power over others., Author: Lull, James, Source: Ch. 5, Date of Assignment: 2/9/2007, Name: Kristin C.

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Heritage Keepers
Definition: instructs wives how to “let go of the reins” of marital authority, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender In A Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

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Heterosexuality
Definition: a “parasitic notion” whose existence depends on the existence of its antithesis, homosexuality, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Homophobia
Definition: When a heterosexual fears and is disgusted by a homosexual person., Author: Dines, Source: 'Popular Culture and Queer Representation...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Hudood
Definition: The legal code putatively based on the Koran that persecutes women for acts of extramarital sex., Author: Ducat, Source: 'Gender in a Time of Holy War...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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hyperbolic discounting
Definition: An extreme tendency to discount the future., Author: Schor, Source: The Need Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Liz S.
tags

Terms I-L

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Ideological Work
Definition: This is the actual success and securing of hegemony throughout time., Author: Lull, James, Source: Chapter 5 Hegemony, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Ideologies
Definition: the body of doctrine, myth, belief, etc., that guides an individual, social movement, institution, class, or large group., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class in Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Ideology
Definition: those images, concepts and premises which provide the frameworks through which we represent, interpret, understand, and “make sense” of some aspect of social existence; the articulation of different elements into a distinctive set or chain of meanings, Author: Stuart Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Ideology
Definition: images/concepts/premises that provide the frameworks through which we represent/interpret/understand aspects of social existence, Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

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Ideology
Definition: reproduce social relations of domination and importance, make inequalities and subordination seem natural, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Ideology
Definition: Images, concepts and premises which provide the frameworks through which we represent, interpret, understand, and “make sense” of some aspect of social existence., Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
ideology
Definition: images, concepts, and premises which provide the frameworks through which we represent, interpret, understand, “make sense” of some aspect of social existence, Author: Hall, Source: Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Ideology
Definition: The author agrees with the definition expressed by cultural studies theorists, which defines this term for the formation of different perspectives, identity, and sexuality in society., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Ideology
Definition: constructs how we view positions and identities, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Individualism
Definition: A mind set where someone is more concerned with events and ideas that affect himself/herself or close relations instead of being concerned with an entire group., Author: Dines, Source: 'The Meaning of Memory...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Individualist Perspective
Definition: the view that considers everything as beginning and ending with individuals, ignoring that we are all participating in something larger than ourselves or any collection of us, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Inferential Racism
Definition: apparently naturalized representations of events and situations relating to race which have racist premises and propositions inscribed in them as a set of unquestioned assumptions, Author: Stuart Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Inferential racism
Definition: naturalized representations of events and situations related to race that have racist premises and propositions in them as a set of unquestioned assumptions, Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

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Inferential Racism
Definition: Enable racist statements to be formulated without ever bringing into awareness the racist predicates on which the statements are grounded., Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Liz S.

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infrastructure
Definition: The framework of a business supplied by manufractures to advertising agencies and radio networks which allowed them to dominate the tv industry., Author: Liptz, George, Source: Ch.3 GRMC, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Kristin C.

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inside/outside strategy
Definition: strategy used by media conglomerates in order for their products/services to sell; inside: media consumption in private and domestic spaces. outside: traditional and new forms of media consumption in public., Author: Susan Davis, Source: Space Jam, Date of Assignment: 2/12/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Iran
Definition: derived from “Ayryana Vaejo” which mans “the origin of the Aryans”, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

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Islam Revolution
Definition: took place in 1980 in Iran; extremists took control of the government. New rules were established; many were enforced in an effort to eliminate any aspects of capitalism. ie: bilingual schools shut down, men and women separated, women’s veils enforced., Author: Satrapi, Source: The Veil, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Islamic Revolution
Definition: a revolution in 1979 during which the Shah fled Iran, and a repressive regime took over, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Islamic Revolution
Definition: In 1979, Islam was introduced in which veils had to be worn by women., Author: Satrapi, Source: The Veil, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Islamic Revolution
Definition: 1979, “cultural revolution” where girls were forced to wear veils, bilingual schools were banned and girls and boys were separated in schools, Author: Marjane Satrapi, Source: Persepolis; The Veil, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: No Name

*
Language
Definition: the principal medium in which we find different ideological discourses elaborated, Author: Stuart Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Language
Definition: principal medium used to elaborate different ideologies, Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

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language
Definition: the principle medium in which we find different ideological discourses elaborated, Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Legitimate Female Expections(1950s)
Definition: success at work for her husband, marriage and childrearing for her daughters, the presidency for her son, and nothing for herself, Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Licensed Withdrawl
Definition: To be psychologically removed; disoriented, defenseless,dopey. Girls often act this way, thinking it is attractive to men who play the dominant, strong, serious role., Author: Kilbourne, Source: The More You Subtract..., Date of Assignment: 2/22/2007, Name: Lauren P.

Terms M-O

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Mainstream
Definition: conforming to the dominant fashion, values and behavior, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

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Mainstreaming
Definition: This term was used to describe the form in which the media is currently portraying all types of queer relationships on the television, which has provided the opportunity of change in public perception., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

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Marxist Theory
Definition: theory that stresses the economic position as the strongest predictor of social differences., Author: Lull, Source: Hegemony, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Lauren P.

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Masculine
Definition: to have power over and to be prepared to use it is seen as good and being desirable and therefore is associated with being human (a male), Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Media
Definition: the means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines that reach or influence people widely., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class in Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Media
Definition: educate us how to think, what to believe, fear and desire, and what not to, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

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Media culture
Definition: provides materials for constructing views of the world, behavior, and identities, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

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Media Spectacles
Definition: – demonstrate who has power and who is powerless, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

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Media Stories
Definition: provide symbols, myths and resources through which we constitute a common culture and through the appropriation of which we insert ourselves into the culture, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

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Misogyny
Definition: hatred and suppression of all feminine things, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

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Misogyny
Definition: Hatred, dislike, or distrust of women., Author: Ducat, Source: 'Gender in a Time of Holy War...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

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Misogyny
Definition: Strong hatred, dislike, and mistrust of women., Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Multiculturalism
Definition: affirms the worth of different types of culture and cultural groups; insurgent multiculturalism tries to articulate the views of groups excluded from the mainstream, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Neotraditional Women
Definition: a group of conservative women that identify with slash and burn style of the right-winged males ( even in politics), Author: Ducat, Source: Gender in a Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
no-regrets assumption
Definition: If the consumer is faced with a choice of a product that yields satisfaction in the present, but has adverse consequences in the future - and the xonsumer chooses that product today, he or she will not regret the choice when the future arrives., Author: Schor, Source: The Need Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Liz S.

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Overt Racism
Definition: open and favorable coverage is given to arguments, positions and spokespersons who are n the business of elaborating an openly racist argument or advancing a racist policy or view, Author: Stuart Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Overt racism
Definition: open coverage given to arguments/positions/spokespersons who elaborate openly racist policies or views, Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Overt Racism
Definition: Coverage is given to arguments, positions, and spokespersons who are in the business of elaborating an openly racist argument or advancing a racist policy or view, Author: Hall, Source: The Whites of Their Eyes, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Liz S.

Terms P-Q

*
Partipulation
Definition: Tony Shwartz coined this term for describing advertising in which the audience participates in on it's own manipulation., Author: Jhally, Source: Chapter 25 Image Based Culture, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Patriarchal Culture
Definition: ideas about the nature of things, including men, women, and humanity, with manhood and masculinity most closely associated with being human; core value of control and domination in almost every area of human existence., Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy: The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Patriarchal eyes
Definition: Women and men are profoundly different in their basic natures, hierarchy is the only alternative to chaos, and that men are made in the image of God, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: a system defined by its male-dominated, male-identified, and male-centered character; identifies manhood and masculinity with being human and womanhood and femininity as “other”, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: a kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships and ideas, with a male-dominated, male-identified, male-centered character; contains ideas about the nature of things, like humanity and masculinity being associated with being human, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
patriarchy
Definition: a kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: A kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships and ideas., Author: Johnson, Source: 'Patriarchy, the System...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: male-dominated, male-identified, and male-centered character; set of symbols and ideas that make a culture embodied by everything from the content of everyday conversation to literature and film., Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy: The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: a system; a kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships and ideas; a set of symbols and ideas that make up a culture embodied by everything…, Author: Allan G. Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, The System; An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: No Name

*
'People's Products'
Definition: Items used by both men and women- such as cars, credit cards, insurance, sound equipment, financial services, etc., Author: Steinem, Source: Chapter 23 Sex, Lies, and Advertising, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Phoniness
Definition: Brown, inventor of Cosmopolitan, actually provided women with tips and praise on how trickery in the sense of beauty was good. (ex. fake eyelashes, contacts, etc.), Author: Ouellette, Source: Inventing the Cosmo Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Pink Collar Women
Definition: Term used to describe the readers of Cosmopolitan that used Brown’s advice and ways of making their lives better, especially by getting office jobs., Author: Ouellette, Source: Inventing the Cosmo Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Political Economy of Culture
Definition: cultural texts within their system of production and distribution, Author: Douglas Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, & Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Promise Reapers
Definition: sees itself as “born from the side of Promise Keepers, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender In A Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Propaganda ( System)
Definition: advertising in a sense that proves that consuming is for the commodity and happiness that the purchase gives, Author: Jhally, Source: Chapter 25 Image Based Culture, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Prophet
Definition: someone who talks to God and has a Holy Book, creating rules of behavior and morality, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Qualitative Studies
Definition: Applies various critical theories to unpack the meanings of the texts or to explicate how texts function to produce meaning., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class In Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Quantitative Studies
Definition: Dissects using numbers., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class In Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Queer
Definition: This was once a derogative term that served as mental abuse. Now, “queer” describes the sexuality of a person: gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, etc., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Queer
Definition: someone who rejects binary categories and is politically radical, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Queer
Definition: gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, other sexual identities; politically radical term, rejects binary categories, universalizes rather than minoritizes, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Queer
Definition: Marker for some gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and other marginalized sexual identities. It is politically radical, rejects binary categories, embraces more fluid categories, and tends to be “universalizing.”, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Queer
Definition: A market for some gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and other marginalized sexual identities., Author: Dines, Source: 'Popular Culture and Queer Represenation...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
queer
Definition: Sexual identities such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender (glbt)homogeneity Your own sexualitysymbolic annhiliation The invisibilit of gays and lesbians in mass media, Author: Raymond, Diane, Source: Ch. 10 GRCM, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Kristin C.

*
Queer
Definition: Term to label a gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or any other sexual identity., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: An academic, open-minded title that refers to information involving lesbian/gay studies analyzed through culture and not as a category of society., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: a body of knowledge connected to lesbian/gay studies that advocates fluidity, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Queer theory
Definition: knowledge connected to but not the same as lesbian/gay studies, looks at queerness throughout culture, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: identifies a body of knowledge connected to but not identical with lesbian/gay studies., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: To identify a body of knowledge connected to but not identical to lesbian/gay studies. Based on the study of queer culture, not so much fixed demarcated studies., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
'Queer Theory
Definition: A body of knowledge connected to but not identical with lesbian/gay studies., Author: Dines, Source: 'Popular Culture and Queer Representation...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

Terms P-Q

*
Partipulation
Definition: Tony Shwartz coined this term for describing advertising in which the audience participates in on it's own manipulation., Author: Jhally, Source: Chapter 25 Image Based Culture, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Patriarchal Culture
Definition: ideas about the nature of things, including men, women, and humanity, with manhood and masculinity most closely associated with being human; core value of control and domination in almost every area of human existence., Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy: The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Patriarchal eyes
Definition: Women and men are profoundly different in their basic natures, hierarchy is the only alternative to chaos, and that men are made in the image of God, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: a system defined by its male-dominated, male-identified, and male-centered character; identifies manhood and masculinity with being human and womanhood and femininity as “other”, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: a kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships and ideas, with a male-dominated, male-identified, male-centered character; contains ideas about the nature of things, like humanity and masculinity being associated with being human, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
patriarchy
Definition: a kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: A kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships and ideas., Author: Johnson, Source: 'Patriarchy, the System...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: male-dominated, male-identified, and male-centered character; set of symbols and ideas that make a culture embodied by everything from the content of everyday conversation to literature and film., Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy: The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Patriarchy
Definition: a system; a kind of society organized around certain kinds of social relationships and ideas; a set of symbols and ideas that make up a culture embodied by everything…, Author: Allan G. Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, The System; An It, Not a He, a Them, or an Us, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: No Name

*
'People's Products'
Definition: Items used by both men and women- such as cars, credit cards, insurance, sound equipment, financial services, etc., Author: Steinem, Source: Chapter 23 Sex, Lies, and Advertising, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Phoniness
Definition: Brown, inventor of Cosmopolitan, actually provided women with tips and praise on how trickery in the sense of beauty was good. (ex. fake eyelashes, contacts, etc.), Author: Ouellette, Source: Inventing the Cosmo Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Pink Collar Women
Definition: Term used to describe the readers of Cosmopolitan that used Brown’s advice and ways of making their lives better, especially by getting office jobs., Author: Ouellette, Source: Inventing the Cosmo Girl, Date of Assignment: 2/8/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Political Economy of Culture
Definition: cultural texts within their system of production and distribution, Author: Douglas Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, & Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Promise Reapers
Definition: sees itself as “born from the side of Promise Keepers, Author: Ducat, Source: Gender In A Time of Holy War, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Propaganda ( System)
Definition: advertising in a sense that proves that consuming is for the commodity and happiness that the purchase gives, Author: Jhally, Source: Chapter 25 Image Based Culture, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Prophet
Definition: someone who talks to God and has a Holy Book, creating rules of behavior and morality, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Qualitative Studies
Definition: Applies various critical theories to unpack the meanings of the texts or to explicate how texts function to produce meaning., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class In Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Quantitative Studies
Definition: Dissects using numbers., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class In Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Queer
Definition: This was once a derogative term that served as mental abuse. Now, “queer” describes the sexuality of a person: gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, etc., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Queer
Definition: someone who rejects binary categories and is politically radical, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Queer
Definition: gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, other sexual identities; politically radical term, rejects binary categories, universalizes rather than minoritizes, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Queer
Definition: Marker for some gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and other marginalized sexual identities. It is politically radical, rejects binary categories, embraces more fluid categories, and tends to be “universalizing.”, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Queer
Definition: A market for some gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and other marginalized sexual identities., Author: Dines, Source: 'Popular Culture and Queer Represenation...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
queer
Definition: Sexual identities such as gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender (glbt)homogeneity Your own sexualitysymbolic annhiliation The invisibilit of gays and lesbians in mass media, Author: Raymond, Diane, Source: Ch. 10 GRCM, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Kristin C.

*
Queer
Definition: Term to label a gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, or any other sexual identity., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: An academic, open-minded title that refers to information involving lesbian/gay studies analyzed through culture and not as a category of society., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: a body of knowledge connected to lesbian/gay studies that advocates fluidity, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Queer theory
Definition: knowledge connected to but not the same as lesbian/gay studies, looks at queerness throughout culture, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: identifies a body of knowledge connected to but not identical with lesbian/gay studies., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Queer Theory
Definition: To identify a body of knowledge connected to but not identical to lesbian/gay studies. Based on the study of queer culture, not so much fixed demarcated studies., Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
'Queer Theory
Definition: A body of knowledge connected to but not identical with lesbian/gay studies., Author: Dines, Source: 'Popular Culture and Queer Representation...', Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

Terms R-S

*
Race
Definition: A group of persons related by common descent or heredity., Author: Dines, Source: 'Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture', Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Reference Group
Definition: Social group to which a person identifies and attempts to remain the same level socially and financially., Author: Juliet Schor, Source: The New Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/13/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
REIT's
Definition: Acronym for real estate investment trusts. (in other words, mutual funds that specialize in real estate), Author: Susan Davis, Source: Space Jam, Date of Assignment: 2/12/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Retail Saturation
Definition: Term for when real estate developers partner with entertainment corporations because retail and office space are in demand., Author: Susan Davis, Source: Space Jam, Date of Assignment: 2/12/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Rugged Individualism
Definition: Herbert Hoover's well-known philosophy during the 1920's; an ideal of independence and self-sustenance practice by Americans before the Depression, Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Self- Objectification ( didn't include the term with def. on last entry)
Definition: the tendency( usually in women) to put more importance on one's physical aspect over what's in the inside- ex. sex appeal, weight, looks, etc., Author: Kilbourne, Source: Chapter 26 The More You Subtract, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Self-Objectification
Definition: Act of viewing oneself superficially (only skin-deep). Regarding one's attractiveness, sex appeal, measurements, and weight as more important than health, fitness, strength, etc. Can result in shame, anxiety, and lack of self-esteem., Author: Kilbourne, Source: The More You Subtract..., Date of Assignment: 2/22/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Semiotic Analysis
Definition: Reveals how the codes and forms of particular genres follow certain meanings., Author: Dines, Source: 'The White's of Their Eyes', Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Semiotics
Definition: a critical approach for investigating the creation of meaning not only in written languages but also in other, nonverbal codes, such as visual and auditory languages of film and TV; analyzes how linguistic and nonlinguistic cultural “signs” form systems of meanings, Author: Douglas Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, & Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Semiotics
Definition: analyzes meanings of linguistic and nonlinguistic cultural signs, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Devon M.

*
Semiotics
Definition: linguistic and nonlinguistic cultural “signs” form systems of meanings, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

*
Sexual Identity
Definition: a complex, incomplete, and unstable organization of one’s preferences in various areas, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
social change
Definition: a change in the culture and beliefs of a society, Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Jessica B.

*
Society
Definition: a network of interconnected systems within systems, each made up of social positions and their relations to one another, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Society
Definition: A network of interconnected systems within systems, each made up of social positions and their relation to one another, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, The System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Society
Definition: An organized group of persons associated together for religions, benevolent. cultural, political, patriotic, or other purposes., Author: Johnson, Source: 'Patriarchy, the System...', Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Subculture
Definition: A cultural subgroup differentiated by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or other factors that functionally unify the group and act collectively on each member., Author: Dines, Source: Gender, Race, and Class in Media, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Katelyn R.

*
Subculture groups
Definition: individuals who resist dominant forms of culture and identity, Author: Kellner, Source: Cultural Studies, Multiculturalism, and Media Culture, Date of Assignment: 1/29/2007, Name: Melissa Z.

*
Suburban Market
Definition: A connection between suburban growth and increased consumer spending; a new market opening up in middle-class and working-class families who could afford to own homes and buy new cars every few years, Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Symbolic annihilation
Definition: the invisibility of gays and lesbians in mass media, representing the powerlessness of the queer community, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
System
Definition: something that cannot be reduced to the people who participate in it, Author: Johnson, Source: Patriarchy, the System, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Amanda G.

The Terms T-Z

*
Tax increment financing
Definition: Commonly used scheme to support redevelopment around the U.S.- meaning that taxes do not return to the city's general fund, Author: Davis, Source: Chapter 16 Space Jam, Date of Assignment: 2/12/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
The Great Depression
Definition: During the 1930s time period, the American economy hit a downhill crisis, in which, middle and working class families were marked with fear of consumerism., Author: Lipsitz, Source: Chapter 3 The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
the new consumerism
Definition: an upscaling of lifestyle norms; the pervasiveness of conspicuous, status good and of competition for acquiring them; and the growing disconnect between consumer desires and incomes., Author: Schor, Source: The Need Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
The New Consumerism
Definition: New developments in the sphere of consumption; the recent upscaling of lifestyle norms., Author: Juliet Schor, Source: The New Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Lauren P.

*
Time consistency
Definition: The ability of individuals to plan spending optimally throughout their lifetimes, to save enough for the future, or to delay gratification., Author: Schor, Source: The Need Politics of Consumption, Date of Assignment: 2/15/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Traditional Values
Definition: the woman cooks and cleans in the home, the husband is the breadwinner, the daughters learn how to be good mothers and wives, the sons get educated and aspire to be successful career wise., Author: Lipsitz, Source: The Meaning of Memory, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Liz S.

*
Universalizing Discourse
Definition: (Sedgwick) Describes that sexuality is unable to be categorized and more unstructured than traditionally believed., Author: Raymond, Source: Chapter 10 Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Universalizing Discourse
Definition: a reading that suggests the concepts of queerness and sexuality are nonbinary and more amorphous, Author: Raymond, Source: Popular Culture and Queer Representation, Date of Assignment: 2/5/2007, Name: Amanda G.

*
Vignette Approach
Definition: A form of advertising in which a narrative and 'reason-why' formatting is used with a basis of lifestyle images (speed up), timed with music-- which basically sells emotion rather than the product., Author: Jhally, Source: Chapter 25 Image Based Culture, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Weightism
Definition: the prejudice found based upon a person's weight- (overweight=unnacepted + ridiculed), Author: Kilbourne, Source: Chapter 26 The More You Subtract, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Women's Products
Definition: the traditional items that the markets believe are feminine products- such as clothes, shampoo, fragrance, food, etc, Author: Steinem, Source: Chapter 23 Sex, Lies, and Advertising, Date of Assignment: 2/19/2007, Name: Melissa M.

*
Zarathustra
Definition: the first prophet in Iran before the Arab invasion, Author: Satrapi, Source: Persepolis, Date of Assignment: 2/1/2007, Name: Jessica B.

Class Notes 2/19/07

Class Notes 2/19/07

Bornstein quiz results
• number of forms of oppression (surprising in variety of oppressions)
• not realizing how privileged you are until seeing ones that you were unaware of
• tend to think of selves in the worst of the categories, but don't take into account the other categories
oppressions/privileges
intersex (sexual identity - kind of biological)- not just two sexes or genders
gender-typically considered w/in realm of social/environment (pink/blue) society creation
sex- biological organs/hormones/repro capacity

social stigma/embarrassment/value-laden notion of sex/gender
• "feeling bad about guess the wrong gender"
• "insulted" for being mistaken as wrong gender
• tendency to adhere to categories even when there is no rational reason to do it
• connotations- power
• men have power and probably won't want to be mistaken for woman b/c of the power relinquishment and social consideration of men vs. women
• beauty ideals
Cosmo and other magazines are built on the ideal of femininity
beauty tips for women (these magazines are not intended for a male audience)
*AN INDUSTRY (POLITICAL ECONOMY) BUILT ON WOMEN'S SELF IMAGE & SELF CONFIDENCE BASED ON EXTERNAL FEATURES*
Sex and image and sexuality and femininity are all linked to these ideals--external--
women (in the media-magazine sense) aren't valued for their brains...?
-girls cheerleading
-beauty pageants
-makeovers
*the time involved in thinking or doing "the beauty ideal" is not time spent on other (more intellectual endeavors)
*prom - 1/2 days for getting ready (geared toward the girls- hair makeup nails, etc)
heterosexism-
2 part term (the two meanings apply)
privileging heterosexual identities and dismissive of all others
also encompassing the realm of sexism and gender-related oppression

Bornstein Quiz Questions
• set of responses was either too comprehensive or too specific, or too broad when they should have been more specific
• should have been option does not apply/N/A
• Scoring N/A type responses would be problematic
• census or driver's license forces the response

Jessie G (Note Taker Du Jour)

Class Notes 2/8/2007

Class Notes 2/8/2007

Class Notes for 2/8/07 (completed on 2/12/07) Revised on 2/19*
Examples of Hegemony and Resistance
• Group 3 Responses
• “Because You’re a Girl” –Ijeoma A.
• Family uses tradition to maintain the power aspect of tradition
• No resisting before going to America
• Once she traveled to America and was exposed to freedom, started to really resist
• The example of eating the chicken heart shows that she was always the same person but came out of her shell when she came to America
• “The Veil” –Satrapi
• Mother resisted veil and had to change her appearance
• The veil materializes the change in the country and maintains the hegemony
• The girl wants to be her own person, partially due to her age
• Group 2 Responses to Group 3 – Power and Who Benefits?
• “Because You’re a Girl” –Ijeoma A.
• She benefits because going to America empowers her and opens her eyes up to expanded opportunities
• Doesn’t benefit her family who is trying to maintain tradition
• She had to hide her power at home but when she went to America she was able to expose who she really was
• “The Veil” –Satrapi
• The people composing traditional society benefit from the veil
• The government benefits from gaining power
• Individuals lose their ability to make their own choices as of what they wear
• Group 1 Responses
• “Because You’re a Girl” –Ijeoma A.
• Hegemony – Gender and Culture
• She is expected to cook, clean and take care of her brothers because she is a girl
• Resistance
• Talking back
• Telling her cousin to do things himself
• Going to America made her realize she didn’t have to cater to the boys
• She had power in school but no where else
• “The Veil” –Satrapi
• Hegemony
• Gender and Culture
• The culture expects women to wear the veil
• Political
• Separated the boys and girls in school
• Resistance
• Her mother protesting and getting her picture taken for a magazine without a veil
• Wanted the maid to eat at the table
• The girls were playing with their veils
• Group 3 Responses to Group 1 – Power and Who Benefits?
• Men are in charge and the women are inferior
• Role of the women is homemaker
• She is expected to stay at home, care for the children and maintain the household with little opportunity to escape these chores
• Men are free to enjoy recreational activities in addition to having a job/career
• They expect their women to make them food and care for their children
• Men benefit because they are praised for the work they do as well as the work the women do in maintaining the household and raising the children
• Women are rarely given credit for their hard work

*Additional Notes Added on 2/19

• Group 2 Responses
• “The Veil” –Satrapi
• Dominant Group – male – dominated traditionally Muslim regime; also class-based – Marjane’s parents had servants, a Cadillac
• Resistance – kids playing with veils, Marjane proclaiming her dreams to become a doctor or prophet, her parents who protest against the government, Marjane’s protest against the maid having to eat separately from them
• “But I Know You, American Women” –Moschkovich
• Dominant Group – white, Anglo-Saxon, middle-class, American women and their culture
• Resistance – the author’s response to the letter written, her wish for people to become more proactive in learning about other cultures
• “Growing Up Hidden” –Linnea Due
• Dominant Group – heterosexual and homophobic society that suppresses any alternative sexual identity
• Resistance – proclaiming one’s sexuality and being open about it
• Group 1 Responses to Group 2 – Power and Who Benefits?
• “The Veil” –Satrapi
• The traditionally Muslim men of the higher class has the power
• The girls and political opponents to the regime are powerless
• The power produced who goes to school and girls wearing veils
• “But I Know You, American Women” –Moschkovich
• White Anglo-Saxon middle-class women have the power
• Minority women and lower class are powerless
• The power produced ignorance
• “Growing Up Hidden” –Linnea Due
• Heterosexuals have the power
• Homosexual people, out or closeted, are powerless
• The power produced homophobia and forced people to stay closed

Notes by: Tara B

Class Notes 2/5/07

Class Notes 2/5/07

Note Taker of the Day: Alexandra A

NOTES FOR Monday, February 5, 2007
• What are some means by which pop culture generates?
• What sort of mediums and genre’s do you find in pop culture?
Mediums
• Television
• Music
• Internet
• Print
• Film
• People
• Stage
• Advertisement
Genres
• Radio
1. Musical genre
2. Talk radio
• Sitcom
• Reality Television
3. Competitive (physical)
4. Observant (voyeurism)
• News
1. Real – Reliable, credible. (Examples: Wall Street, CNN, MSNBC, Time Magazine, ESPN, PBS).
2. Fake – Not reliable, not credible all the time. (Examples: Tabloids, Fox News 24hr, Onion, Pop Magazine, Entertainment T.V.).
FACTS
• Disproved versus Proved  but may not always be true when it comes to the news.
• Audience  wants to believe; likely to believe; capable of believing.